Indian Politics after Independence

Voyage of Indian politics from 1947 to 2007 has not been very smooth. At the strike of midnight on August 14, 1947 India began its experiment of democracy against all odds. The first generation statesmen to the next bracket of leaders, all have allowed democracy to permeate into the Indian system right from the national level to the local panchayats. 60th birthday of India is just the right occasion to delve into the memory lanes of Indian political scenario from the Nehruvian era to the present times to see the journey of this stable nation. 


It was not even six months after India gained independence, when ‘Father of the Nation’ Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948. His untimely death was a big blow to the nation, which was struggling hard to establish state authority, manage the accession of princely states among other Herculean tasks
The conjoined twins – India and Pakistan, who were separated at the birth of their independence soon were embroiled in battle over the claim of Kashmir when Pakistan sent tribes, the Maharaja quickly accede to India. The Indian forces could have brought the entire territory under its control but then Nehru made one of the most disputed decisions and halted the Indian Army in its track and seeds of discord were sown and the case rests there. Soon afterwards the Karachi Agreement was signed in 1949. Under this agreement a ceasefire line was established that had to be supervised by UN observers and Kashmir issue would be solved through arbitration. 

First elections in independent India

1951-52 saw the first general election of India. These were the first ever polls to be held under the new constitution, drawn up with the British parliamentary system as a model. However, the biggest let down of the polls was that about 176 million people were eligible to vote and an abysmally low figure of 15% amongst them were 
Congress passed the first litmus test of democracy by winning a landslide victory. The party won 249 of the 489 seats. Congress, however, suffered some unexpected setbacks in three southern states – Tamil Nadu (Madras), Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) and Kerala (Travancore) – where the party failed to win majority in the face of strong support of the Communist Party. 

During his first stint after winning the elections, he tried to invent solutions for political and economic crisis arising out of Partition. Nehru’s government undertook a lot of economic measures to push India on the path of industrialization and modernization. A lot of efforts were invested to create big dams, vast industrial plants, institutions like – Atomic Energy, Planning Commissions. All these institutions were temples of growth of a ‘New India’. 

Nehru led Congress to another victory in the 1957 polls. But CPI in Kerala, who swept polls, outnumbered Congress. A Left government was formed in the state. It was the first time a Communist party anywhere in the world won a democratic mandate. However, Centred dismissed the Left government and President’s rule was declared in 1959 in the state. 
In 1959, just before the new decade could dawn, the ‘Iron Lady’ of India – Indira Gandhi made her presence felt in the political arena. She was elected the Congress chief in 1959 and was also a constant confidante of Nehru. 

Religion is the important part of the Indian Culture

The India Is The Religion Country   

In The India Many types Of Religion and Many Types Of God And Goddesses 

India Is The BIrthplace  Of Four Of The Worlds Major Religion Named  Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism  And Sikhism.

Religion Has Been An Important Part Of The Indian Culture. 

A Vast Majority Of Indians, (Over 93%), Associate Themselves With A Religion.



The Different Types OF Religion Of India Are As Below 


Hinduism,
Buddhism,
Jainism  
Sikhism.
Islam
Christianity

HINDUS GODS AND GODDESSES 

If U Meet The Any Indian People And Asked Him What Is Your Favorite God Or Goddesses then   You Will Get Very Divers Answers With Ganesha, Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu, Hanuman Durga, Lakshmi ect . 

There are many types of god and goddesses in the Hinduism Religion Are the given below 

Ganesha
Shiva
Brahma
Vishnu
Krishna
Rama
Hanuman
Lakshmi
Durga
Ganga
Maya
Annpurna
Matangi
Bhuvneshwary
Sarshvati
Kali
Shakti
Dhanwantary
Swami Narayana



  

Economic INdia

Indus valley civilization, which flourished between 2800 BC and 1800 BC, had an advanced and flourishing economic system. The Indus valley people practiced agriculture, domesticated animals, made tools and weapons from copper, bronze and tin and even traded with some Middle East countries. 

Agriculture was the main economic activity of the people in the Vedic age but with the second urbanization a number of urban centers grew in North India. This gave a major fillip to trade and commerce. The ancient Indians had trade contacts with far off lands like the Middle East, the Roman Empire and the South East Asia. Many Indian trading colonies were settled in other countries.


Most of the Indian population resided in villages and the economy of the villages was self-sustaining. Agriculture was the predominant occupation of the populace and satisfied a village's food necessities. It also provided raw materials for industries like textile, food processing and crafts. Besides farmers, other classes of people were barbers, carpenters, doctors, goldsmiths, weavers, etc. In towns and urban centers trade took place through coins but in villages barter was the main system of economic activities.


The system of castes and sub-castes ensured division of labor and functioned much like guilds, providing training to apprentices. The caste system restricted people from changing ones occupation and aspiring for an upper caste's lifestyle. Traditionally, there was joint family system and the members of a family pooled their resources to invest in business ventures.

Products like the muslin of Dhaka, calicos of Bengal, shawls of Kashmir, textiles and handicrafts, agricultural products like pepper, cinnamon, opium and indigo were exported to Europe, Middle East and South East Asia in return for gold and silver.

With the coming of Europeans in the 16th century trade and commerce was completely transformed. The Europeans concentrated mainly on spices, handicrafts, cotton clothes, indigo etc. Of all the European powers the British proved most strong and drove their competitors out of India. Slowly and gradually the British acquired political supremacy and hold over India and subverted the Indian economy according to their own needs. With the establishment of British rule in India the drain of wealth from India began. There was poor industrial infrastructure when the British left India.

After independence, India opted for planned economic development. The key concern was to develop thrust and heavy industries. With this there began rapid industrialization. Here, it is important to note that our economic policies were socially oriented and controlled by the state. India began to follow a mixed economy pattern. But in the late eighties and in the beginning of the 1990s, the Indian policy makers realized that state controlled economy was not able to produce desired results in almost 45 years. It was decided to pursue economic policy based on liberalization, privatization and globalization. In this era of liberalization, privatization and globalization, India has witnessed rapid growth in some sectors of economy, even though better results were expected when India began to follow the new economic policy.

Lord Rama (Tribal hero of ancient India)

Rama is said to 

have taken birth on 

earth to annihilate 

the evil forces of 

the age. He is 

widely believed to 

be an actual 

historical figure - a 

"tribal hero of ancient India" - whose exploits form the great Hindu epic of RAmayana 

Rama, the perfect avatar of the Supreme Protector Vishnu, is an all-time favorite among Hindu deities. The most popular symbol of chivalry and virtue, Rama - in the words of Swami Vivekananda - is "the embodiment of truth, of morality, the ideal son, the ideal husband, and above all, the ideal king."

Rama is a seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu in Hinduism, he is a king of Ayodhya  his father name is Dashrath and Dashrath has a four wife and Four Sons Rama is a elder son of all of and he is a called  simple and Maryadapurusotam man in eleventh century.  

King Dashrath (Father Of Rama ) Promised to his wife kaosalya to get anything for him and she had  said that his son (bharat) is become a king of Ayodhya and rama went to jungle for fourteen year and king Dashrath (Father of Rama)Order rama to went to Jungle.

Ram's life and journey is one of perfect adherence to dharma despite harsh tests of life and time. He is pictured as the ideal man and the perfect human. For the sake of his father's honour, Ram abandons his claim to Kosala's throne to serve an exile of fourteen years in the forest...... .........

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Jalandhar beach in DAMAN

JALANDHAR BEACH

The beach named after the Demon Jalandhar is without any doubt one of the most beautiful, and unflustered. The water is calm and clear and without any undercurrents. It is bereft of the usual hustle bustle associated with any sunshine beach. 

A small memorial is located at one of the hills close to the beach containing a stone face of the demon Jalandhar. Legend has it that the head was severed by the Sudarshan Chakra of Lord Vishnu. 

A temple dedicated to Goddess Chandrika is also located in the vicinity. The beauty of the beach has been further enhanced by developing the area through beautification and Illumination.

ABOUT LORD VISHNU

LORD VISHNU 

The peace-loving deity of the Hindu Trinity, Vishnu is the Preserver or Sustainer of life with his steadfast principles of order, righteousness and truth. When these values are under threat, Vishnu emerges out of his transcendence to restore peace and order on earth.

His ten avatar sare Matsyavatara (fish), Koorma (tortoise), Varaaha (boar), Narasimha (the man lion), Vaamana (the dwarf), Parasurama (the angry man), Lord Rama (the perfect human of the Ramayana), Lord Krishna (the divine diplomat and statesman), and the yet to appear 10th incarnation called the Kalki avatar.

In his commonest form, Vishnu is portrayed as having a dark complexion – the color of passive and formless ether, and with four hands.

(1)  Matsya the fish

In the earliest yuga (era) of Sata-yuga, a king named Manu was performing severe penance for thousands of years. One day as he was performing ablutions with river water, a small fish came into his hands and just as he was about to throw the fish back into the river, the fish requested the king to save its life. Heeding its request, the king put the fish into a jar of water but the fish started growing and the jar was not big enough for it. Then the king threw it into the river, but it soon it outgrew the river and the king then threw it into Ganges and then into the ocean. The king realised that it was Lord Vishnu himself and then the lord made an appearance and made a special request to the king. It predicted that the world would come to an end by a huge flood in seven days and requested the king to build a huge boat and take the seven sages(hermits), seeds of all plants, one animal of each type and told him that he would appear as a fish to propel the boat to Mount Himavan for surviving the flood to the next yuga(eon). True to his word, after seven days the Lord appeared and the king tied the boat to the fish by using the royal serpent Vasuki and the fish took all of them to Mt Himavan and kept them there till the flood was over and in the new era, the king started procreation a for the new era.

(2)Kurma  the Tortoise

Further to Pralaya- deluge at the beginning of the present Kalpa the Gods (devas) lost their immortality due to a curse by the short-tempered sage Durvasa.The sage had once presented a garland of flowers to Indra,king of gods, who carelessly gave it away to his elephant which trampled it.  The Devas approached Vishnu for help. Vishnu then asked them to churn the ocean of milk after adding medicines into the ocean. Mt Mandara could be used a the churning stick he said. He requested them to ask them help of Asuras in lifting the mountain in exchange for offer of the share of nectar of immortality that would ensue from the churning. Both the devas and the asuras churned the ocean using the serpent Vasuki as the rope. At the start, playing a Machiavellian trick, Indra, king of the gods asked the asuras for the head end of vasuki. But asuras suspecting foul play, took the head end, only to be deceived as the poison from Vasuki was slowly weakening them. But as churning was proceeding the mountain was sinking and then Lord Vishnu took the form of the tortoise KURMA and kept the mountain afloat. As soon as the bowl of amrita, the nectar of immortality was out, the asuras grabbed it. Then Lord Vishnu took the form of an apsara, a beautiful maiden, and seduced the asuras into letting her distribute the nectar and also to abide by her order of distribution. As soon as the devas were served the maiden disappeared thus totally deceiving the asuras and making them totally weak.

(3)Varaha  (the Boar)

A demon Hiranyaksha, had prayed for Lord Brahma and got awarded a boon that no beast nor man nor god could kill him. But somehow from the list of beasts the name of boar was missing. This proved to be his lacunae. He then started a campaign of plunder across the worlds. He pushed the world to the Pataal loka, or the under of the sea. He stole the Vedas, the holy scriptures from the Lord Brahma, while he was asleep and performed huge atrocities.To retrieve the Vedas and to save the world the Lord Vishnu assumed the role of a boar and brought out the earth from the under of the ocean, using its two tusks. It then killed Hiranyaksha and retrieved the Vedas from the asura and brought it back to the safe custody of the Lord Brahma.

(4)Narashima  (Giant lion-man)

Narashima

In NARASIMHA Avatar, Lord Vishnu incarnates himself as a semi-man,semi-lion in this world. The king of demons(asuras), Hiranyakasyapu, wanted to become immortal and wanted to remain young forever. To this end, he meditated for Lord Brahma and because of his severe penance, the gods were frightened and asked Brahma to pacify the king. Brahma was impressed by his austerity and granted him a wish. Hiranyakasyapu wished that he be  killed neither by a man or beast, nor in daylight or at night and neither inside or outside a building. Having obtained the wish he considered himself the supreme God and forbade all worship of gods by anyone. But his son Prahlada, was an ardent devotee of Vishnu. This enraged Hiranyakasyapu very much. He ordered numerous ways to kill Prahlada including asking his sister Holika to sit with Prahlada in the fire. But every time Prahlada escaped unhurt. Enraged, once he asked Prahlad to show him the Lord Vishnu. Prahlad said, "He is everywhere". Further enraged, Hiranyakasyapu knocked down a pillar, and asked if Lord was present there. Lord Vishnu then emerged as a half lion, half man from the pillar, and carried him under the arch of the doorway (neither indoors nor outdoors), and the time was evening (in the twilight), neither night nor day. He then killed Hiranyakasyapu with his  claws by keeping him on his thighs (neither on earth nor in the sky) thus saving the life of his devotee Prahlada.

(5)Vamana  (the dwarf)

vamana avatar

BALI, the grandson of Prahlada was a very valorous and mighty asura. By his penance and might, he conquered the whole world. Indra and other gods fearing that he and the asuras would conquer all the three worlds, went to Lord Vishnu for help. Lord Vishnu was then born as a dwarf Vamana in the household of a brahman priest. He went to Bali on growing up and asked for alms. Bali was delighted to offer him anything he requested even though his royal guru warned him that it was Lord Vishnu. Vamana then requested for the amount of land that could come under his three feet. Bali gracefully agreed. Lord Vishnu then grew in size and covered the earth and heaven in two stride. And due to lack of space, he put his third leg on Bali himself and crushed Bali to the nether or the Patala loka (underground world), thus helping the Gods out.

(6) Parsurama (Rama With The Axe)

Parsurama

In PARASURAMA Avatar, Lord Vishnu incarnates himself as a brahman priest in this world. He was brought in this world to avenge all kshatriyas who had become arrogant and were suppressing the brahmans in the world. He was born with unusual physical power, and became better fighter than any Kshatriya.He was born to Jamadagni and Renuka, and belonged to the Brighu clan. Parashurama was always carrying an axe presented to him by Lord Shiva of whom he was an ardent devotee. Kartavirya a powerful king, once went to Jamadagni's home when he was out, and after a meal, stole the Kamadhenu cow, which was supposed to give endless quantity of milk. Jamadgni was enraged and he went and killed the king and brought Kamadhenu back. On hearing this the son of the king came back and killed Jamdagni. Parasurama was enraged at this and went and avenged the death of his father by killing all kshatriyas in 21 battles. His life is story of the supremacy of brahmans over the kshatriyas.

(7)Shri Rama

Shri Ram

It is the most important Avatar of Vishnu. Rama represents the peak of the historic incarnations, and by him it is defined the ideal character of Indian people.He is Vishnu descended upon earth to conquer all the Indian peninsula, included Sri Lanka, under the Bharata rule. Lord Rama is one of the most adored gods in India. He is always holding a bow and arrow indicating his readiness to destroy evils.His story forms the epic Ramayana. He is perfect in every aspect; the perfect man, the perfect husband, the perfect brother, the perfect king, etc. and the obedient son. Commonly he is pictured in a family style, with his wife Sita, and brother Lakshman.

(8)Shri Krishna 

Krishna

 KRISHNA Avatar, Lord Vishnu incarnates himself as KRISHNA , the central character in the epic MAHABHARATA. In this biggest epic of Indian mythology a myriad of topics are covered, including war, love, brotherhood, politics etc. It is essentially the story of two warring groups of cousin brothers, the PANDAVAs and the KAURAVAs. As a part of the Mahabahrata, during the war KRISHNA, gives a long discourse to his disciple ARJUNA, collectively termed as Bhagvad-Gita. Krishna, during his child-hood was responsible for the killing of Kansa. Krishna is also considered to be an ultimate playboy who was resonsible for charming all gopikas (cowherdesses) around him. Unlike Ramayana, Mahabharata deals with more down to earth issues like politics, human nature, human weaknesses, and does not attempt to idealise the characters as in RAMAYANA. His death marks the beginning of Kali yuga.

(9)BUdha

With the departure of Lord Krishna (Krishna Avatar), the Kali yuga set in. In this age, the true devotion to Vedas was replaced by empty rituals.  To enlighten the world, Lord Vishnu descended the earth as Buddha, the enlightened one.

Budha

He was born as the crown prince of the Kapilavastu to King  Suddhodana and Maya. He was named Siddhartha, meaning "All thing fulfilled". But his mother died soon after his birth and was broughtup by Prajapati, the sister of Maya. Buddha was saddened by death of living creatures, and vices like poverty. He wasn't happy with any answers that were provided to him and he decided to find out the meaning and the absolute truth and he left his wife and child to a hermit's life in the forest and became the enlightened one.

His preachings spawned off the religion of Buddhism now popular across the whole world.Buddha advocated the Middle Path, in which he offered a balanced, harmonious way of life, steering between two extremes of self-indulgence and total abstinence. Buddhism rests upon four Noble Truths:

(10)Kalki (is believed as the next Avatar of Vishnu)

Kalki

.

It is believed that He will appear, riding his white horse and drawing a flaming sword, at the end of the Kali Yuga, the dark age through which we are now passing. His task will be to exterminate the evil and restore the Dharma. Thus will begin a new cycle, starting with the new Satya Yuga.

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